Capitalize the first and the last word.Capitalize the genus but not the species epithet.Īccording to the 21st edition of The Bluebook, used for legal citations, the following title capitalization rules should be applied:.Lowercase the first non-Greek letter after a capital Greek letter (e.g., "Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol").Capitalize the first non-Greek letter after a lowercase Greek letter (e.g., "ω-Bromohexanoic").Capitalize the second word in a hyphenated compound if both words are equal and not suffices or prefixes (e.g., "Cost-Benefit").Lowercase the second word in a hyphenated compound when it is a prefix or suffix (e.g., "Anti-itch", "world-wide") or part of a single word.Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions of four letters or fewer.Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as "play with"), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions (major words).Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles.Capitalize all words of four letters or more.Īmerican Medical Association (AMA) Manual of Style Capitalization Rules Īccording to the 11th edition of the American Medical Association (AMA) Manual of Style, the following title capitalization rules should be applied:.Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including phrasal verbs such as "play with", adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns) in the title/heading, including the second part of hyphenated major words (e.g., Self-Report not Self-report).Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading.Do not capitalize "to" in infinitives (e.g., I Want to Play Guitar).Īccording to the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, the following title capitalization rules should be applied:.Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.).Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions. Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook Īccording to the 9th edition of the Modern Language Association Handbook, the following title capitalization rules should be applied: Always capitalize the first and last words of titles and subtitles (overrides the rules above).Lowercase the second part of Latin species names.Lowercase prepositions, regardless of length, except when they are stressed, are used adverbially or adjectivally, or are used as conjunctions.Lowercase the conjunctions and, but, for, or, and nor.Always capitalize "major" words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and some conjunctions).Īccording to the Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition), the following rules should be applied: Capitalize the "to" in infinitives (e.g., I Want To Play Guitar).Capitalize the first and last words (overrides the rules above).Capitalize prepositions and conjunctions of four letters or more.This simplified variant of title case is also known as start case or initial caps.Īccording to the Associated Press Stylebook (2020 edition, 55th edition), the following rules should be applied: In text processing, title case usually involves the capitalization of all words irrespective of their part of speech. Other rules about the capitalization vary. Most English style guides agree that the first and last words should always be capitalized, whereas articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions should not be. The standardization is only at the level of house styles and individual style guides. The rules of title case are not universally standardized. There are different rules for which words are major, hence capitalized.Īs an example, a headline might be written like this: "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps over the Lazy Dog". When using title case, all words are capitalized, except for minor words (typically articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions) that are not the first or last word of the title. Title case or headline case is a style of capitalization used for rendering the titles of published works or works of art in English. For the Wikipedia style guidelines, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles § Capital letters.
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